How Do You Get Agreement On A Fact?  
 
 

Articles & Discussion

Science in Action
Brurio Latore

 

  • He makes illusions to things we don’t know about

  • Model: Janice, the two-headed God

  • How things get done in the world of science

  • What is said by each mouth is true, but they conflict in some way…different ways of approaching reality

  • Idealized look at the earth (facts) v. The real world: proposal for investigation

  • Example:  The machine will work when all of the people are convinced; once all the relative people believe the machine will work

  • Just get the facts straight; just get rid of all the useless facts

  • Just get the most efficient machine.  Decide on what efficiency should be.  Efficiency will be the consequence of who succeeds.

  • When things are true they hold; when things hold they become true.  Every time another person becomes convinced, things become more true.

  • Things are always under determined…

  • How can you fear what you don’t know…you can only fear something known.

  • Positive modality, a sentence that leads it away from its condition of production

  • Negative modality, lead to a statement in the other direction and explain why it is weak

  • Rhetoric: flowers need water to grow; since flowers need water to grow, you need water to plant a garden; flowers need water to grow, you need to know how much water, because too much water will cause flowers to not grow

  • Which came first…the rhetoric or philosophy?  Rhetoric needed to make sense and explain philosophy.  Strength with numbers; the more generations of referencing, the more it becomes fact; until read by others it is not fact.

  • Linear pros placed into a defense line:  Never stack two layers on top of each other nor go from first layer to last.  Prove as much as you can with as little as you can.

  • Appeal to the reader

  • Capitation, the subtle control of objective moves

  • The fate of facts and machines is in the hands of later users

  • Mouth piece that is inscribed on the window of the instrumentàspokesperson must speak for those who do not speak

  • Laboratories against other laboratoriesàpowerful enough to create reality

  • There is a supplement something that is more, that is no where in the labs, that makes things become factànature

  • Nature is fact, but if nature settles everything then why do we debate rhetoricànature can not refuse debate

 

Changing Order
The TEA Laser; Gravitational Waves; The Paranormal

    • So long as it is thought that easy science is really an easy matter, it will be hard to see it as the social accomplishment that it is.

    • TEA laser, uses gas, producing infra-red radiation if focusedàvaporize concrete, burn silver from a mirror

    • How are molecules energized in the first place?  CO2 in a glass tube is energized by passing an electrical discharge through it

    • TEA laser (Transversely excited atmospheric pressure) uses electrodes on either side of the tube rather than at either end so distance between them is shorter; then use high volt and pressure discharged in pulses

    • Plywood laser-simple structure

    • Pin-bar- electrodes appeared as bars and pins

    • Replication: The transmission of the ability to build a TEA-laser was not a straightforward matter.  The flow of knowledge between the laboratories was constrained because of competition; communication links were not realized; communication links had not been actualized; the knowledge institution would not be completely open with learning members.

    • Constraints:  No conscious attempt to conceal information; no scientist succeeded in building a laser by using only information found in published or other written sources.  No scientist succeeded in building a TEA-Laser where their information was a “middle man” who had built a device himself.  Even with free flow of information and where the informant had built a successful device, the learner would be unlikely to succeed without an extended period of contact with the informant

    • Laser, gravity experiments

    • Laseràvoltages must get to certain level before fired…this happens in experiments every day.

    • It is okay to tell your friends about your idea, but don’t tell them the very last step until it is patented.  Use people to get ideas and tell the truth, but not tell everything.

    • To build a product it takes continual research and recognizing what works and does not work as you continue research

    • Must always go back and analyze why something did not work and learn from it

    • Lear by tacit knowledge: You can be told how to do it, but you will not learn how until you actually try it

    • Everything is identical, but I guarantee you won’t get it the first time…even with written info people assume or think things will be implied, but other people miss that idea or interpret it wrong

    • Tell someone your idea…talk it out to make sure it makes sense

    • People present papers and get feedback from peers.  It is comradely that helps build better ideas

    • Lacost had instructor Arnold Rumberg:  He came up with the idea of a spring…together they came up with the idea of a gravity meter

    • Lacost understood that things do not come out on a schedule

    • Webbers ideas were constantly discounted by other scientists

    • The paranormal area:  Something that is parallel to normal.  We don’t really know exactly why is going on.

    • Problem with replication is that scientists tend to deviate from exact processes of the scientist creator.  People have tendencies to tweak experiments

    • Normalàscientific experiment

    • Paranormalàscientific experimentation

    • What the same result means is open to questions.  We always make assumptions and some that we don’t even realize

    • Axiomatizeà be able to describe in great detail everything about and idea or experiment, but even when you get the same result people have made different assumptions to get to that result.  So, are they actually the same?

    • You will realize assumptions, but there are always assumptions that are left to the unknown
What is Fact?